Operators in Java

Operators in Java are special symbols that perform operations on variables and values. They help in performing calculations, making decisions, and manipulating data efficiently. Understanding Java operators is essential for writing logical and optimized code.

Types of Operators in Java#

Java provides different types of operators, categorized as follows:

1. Arithmetic Operators#

Arithmetic operators are used for performing mathematical calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Declare variables
    int num1 = 15, num2 = 4;

    // Performing arithmetic operations
    System.out.println("num1 + num2 = " + (num1 + num2)); // Output: 19
    System.out.println("num1 - num2 = " + (num1 - num2)); // Output: 11
    System.out.println("num1 * num2 = " + (num1 * num2)); // Output: 60
    System.out.println("num1 / num2 = " + (num1 / num2)); // Output: 3
    System.out.println("num1 % num2 = " + (num1 % num2)); // Output: 3
  }
}

2. Relational (Comparison) Operators#

Relational operators compare two values and return a boolean result (true or false).

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Declare variables
    int a = 10, b = 20;

    // Performing relational operations
    System.out.println("a == b: " + (a == b)); // Output: false
    System.out.println("a != b: " + (a != b)); // Output: true
    System.out.println("a > b: " + (a > b)); // Output: false
    System.out.println("a < b: " + (a < b)); // Output: true
    System.out.println("a >= b: " + (a >= b)); // Output: false
    System.out.println("a <= b: " + (a <= b)); // Output: true
  }
}

3. Logical Operators#

Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions.

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Declare boolean variables
    boolean cond1 = true, cond2 = false;

    // Performing logical operations
    System.out.println("cond1 && cond2: " + (cond1 && cond2)); // Output: false
    System.out.println("cond1 || cond2: " + (cond1 || cond2)); // Output: true
    System.out.println("!cond1: " + (!cond1)); // Output: false
  }
}

4. Bitwise Operators#

Bitwise operators perform operations on binary representations of numbers.

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Declare variables
    int x = 5, y = 3;

    // Performing bitwise operations
    System.out.println("x & y: " + (x & y)); // Output: 1
    System.out.println("x | y: " + (x | y)); // Output: 7
    System.out.println("x ^ y: " + (x ^ y)); // Output: 6
    System.out.println("~x: " + (~x)); // Output: -6
    System.out.println("x << 1: " + (x << 1)); // Output: 10
    System.out.println("x >> 1: " + (x >> 1)); // Output: 2
  }
}

5. Assignment Operators#

Assignment operators assign values to variables.

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Declare a variable
    int num = 10;

    // Performing assignment operations
    num += 5; // Equivalent to num = num + 5
    System.out.println("num += 5: " + num); // Output: 15
    num -= 2;
    System.out.println("num -= 2: " + num); // Output: 13
    num *= 3;
    System.out.println("num *= 3: " + num); // Output: 39
    num /= 2;
    System.out.println("num /= 2: " + num); // Output: 19
    num %= 4;
    System.out.println("num %= 4: " + num); // Output: 3
  }
}

6. Unary Operators#

Unary operators work on a single operand.

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Declare a variable
    int a = 5;

    // Performing unary operations
    System.out.println("+a: " + (+a)); // Output: 5
    System.out.println("-a: " + (-a)); // Output: -5
    System.out.println("a++: " + (a++)); // Output: 5 (post-increment)
    System.out.println("After a++: " + a); // Output: 6
    System.out.println("a--: " + (a--)); // Output: 6 (post-decrement)
    System.out.println("After a--: " + a); // Output: 5
  }
}

7. Ternary Operator#

The ternary operator is a shorthand for if-else statements.

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Declare a variable
    int number = 10;

    // Using ternary operator
    String result = (number % 2 == 0) ? "Even" : "Odd";
    System.out.println("Number is: " + result); // Output: Even
  }
}

8. Instanceof Operator#

The instanceof operator checks whether an object belongs to a particular class or subclass.

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Declare a string object
    String str = "Hello";

    // Checking if str is an instance of String
    System.out.println("str instanceof String: " + (str instanceof String)); // Output: true
  }
}

Conclusion#

Operators are an essential part of Java programming, allowing us to perform calculations, comparisons, logical operations, and more.

In this blog, we covered different types of operators in Java, including arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, unary, ternary, and instanceof operators, along with practical examples with expected outputs.